{"id":480,"date":"2018-11-01T20:25:40","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T20:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/?page_id=480"},"modified":"2018-11-02T17:45:55","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T17:45:55","slug":"infrastructure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/","title":{"rendered":"Infrastructure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Montserrat&#8217;s <strong>Public Works Department<\/strong> (PWD) is responsible for the construction and maintenance of public roads and drainage networks. <strong>Montserrat Electricity Services Limited<\/strong> (MONLEC) provides and services the island&#8217;s power supply. <strong>Cable and Wireless<\/strong> Ltd (W.I.) provides the island with both domestic and international direct dialing telecommunications as well as cable television, internet services, and cellular phone coverage. <strong>Montserrat Water Authority<\/strong> (MWA) oversees the island&#8217;s water supply.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-480 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/dirt_road\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/dirt_road-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Dirt road\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/dirt_road-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/dirt_road.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/roadside-and-our-jeep-on-road-above-the-emergency-operations-center\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_parkedcar-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Roadside and jeep on road\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_parkedcar-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_parkedcar.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Road Network<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_498\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-498\" id=\"longdesc-return-498\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-498\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/roadsuv2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Driving down to Belham River\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=498&amp;referrer=480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/roadsuv2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/roadsuv2.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Driving down to Belham River<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 1995, prior to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, the island&#8217;s road network comprised a total of 269 km of roadway; 203 km were paved while 66 km were unpaved.<\/p>\n<p>The percentage of usable roads is considerably less since the volcanic eruption. The southern portion of the island has<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_489\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-489\" id=\"longdesc-return-489\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-489\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/destroyed_road-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A road destroyed by the volcano\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=489&amp;referrer=480\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A road destroyed by the volcano<\/p><\/div>\n<p>been deemed the exclusion zone. This area is uninhabitable and its roads are destroyed, either covered in pyroclastic flows and ash or broken by fallen volcanic materials. The eruptions also affected the habitable parts of the island. These areas were not immune to fallen volcanic materials. In particular, heavy ash fall caused much of the roads to crack and erode.<\/p>\n<p>Improving and maintaining Montserrat&#8217;s road network to a high standard is one of the island&#8217;s main objectives. In 2004, $1,539,000.00 EC was spent on road maintenance, including road and drain cleaning. The <strong>Public Works Department<\/strong> began a road patching program along Montserrat&#8217;s roads in late January, 2005. Funds for this program will be used on minor projects including the Bishop&#8217;s View Road in Olde Towne, Runaway Ghaut Road and retaining wall, and the Cassava Ghaut to Cheap End Junction. Construction of an access bridge to the former Day Time Entry Zone (DTEZ) will allow for all-weather access to the zone and reoccupation of select areas south of Belham. Plans also call for improvement to several major junctions and shopping locations.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-480 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/plymouth24\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/plymouth24-211x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Vegetated piles of ash along the side of a road on the outskirts of Plymouth\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/plymouth24-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/plymouth24.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-495'>\n\t\t\t\tVegetated piles of ash along the side of a road on the outskirts of Plymouth\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/clearing_stpeters_roads\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/clearing_stpeters_roads-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Bulldozers clearing ash from a road in St. Peters http:\/\/www.stormcarib.com\/reports\/2003\/montserrat.shtml\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/clearing_stpeters_roads-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/clearing_stpeters_roads.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-488'>\n\t\t\t\tBulldozers clearing ash from a road in St. Peters\nhttp:\/\/www.stormcarib.com\/reports\/2003\/montserrat.shtml\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/road_richmondhill\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_richmondhill-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Cleared road on Richmond Hill in Daytime Entry Zone\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_richmondhill-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/road_richmondhill.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-497'>\n\t\t\t\tCleared road on Richmond Hill in Daytime Entry Zone\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-480 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/letter\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/letter-300x172.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"letter\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/electricity\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity-300x194.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Electrical Lines\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity-1024x662.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity-676x437.jpg 676w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/electricity.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Utilities<\/h3>\n<h4>Power<\/h4>\n<p>Diesel generators produced electricity on Montserrat. The cost of imported diesel fuel has been rapidly increasing in recent years as a result of the war in the Middle<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_486\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-486\" id=\"longdesc-return-486\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-486\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec-300x104.jpg\" alt=\"The remains of the MONLEC generating station on Lover's Lane in Plymouth\" width=\"300\" height=\"104\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=486&amp;referrer=480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec-768x266.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec-1024x355.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec-676x234.jpg 676w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/04mrat_monlec.jpg 1869w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of the MONLEC generating station on Lover&#8217;s Lane in Plymouth<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.phon.ucl.ac.uk\/home\/wells\/pix\/0406_pix.htm\">http:\/\/www.phon.ucl.ac.uk\/home\/wells\/pix\/0406_pix.htm<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>East. According to Managing Director R. H. Howson, fuel prices increased nearly 50% in just 12 months from February 2002 to February 2003. MONLEC encourages customers to pay careful attention to the wise use of energy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_493\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-493\" id=\"longdesc-return-493\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-493\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/monlec_truck-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"MONLEC truck slowly disappearing beneath the mud in the Belham River valley near the golf course\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=493&amp;referrer=480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/monlec_truck-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/monlec_truck.jpg 434w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-493\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MONLEC truck slowly disappearing beneath the mud in the Belham River valley near the golf course<\/p><\/div>\n<p>According to the 2004 Budget Speech, MONLEC&#8217;s ability to provide dependable electricity to the island during the last quarter of 2003 was greatly affected by the failure of its newest generator. Since then, MONLEC has improved services with the installation of two generating sets. As reported in the 2005 Budget Speech, sales increased by approximately 8% during 2004 compared with an average 4% increase in 2003. As a result of recent growth, MONLEC is once again able to maintain some of its earning for expansion.<\/p>\n<p>MONLEC continues to build a modern power station in Brades. As stated in the 2005 Budget Speech, the new station<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_494\" style=\"width: 286px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-494\" id=\"longdesc-return-494\" class=\"size-full wp-image-494\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/monlec.jpg\" alt=\"Control facility (under construction) for MONLEC at Brades\" width=\"276\" height=\"124\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=494&amp;referrer=480\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Control facility (under construction) for MONLEC at Brades<\/p><\/div>\n<p>will be partly funded by a loan from the Caribbean Development Bank. The company hopes to secure a medium diesel engine before the start of construction planned for late 2005. In the future, the island hopes to explore geothermal power as a source of electricity. The island also has great potential for wind power.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_485\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-485\" id=\"longdesc-return-485\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/1_1_1-300x193.png\" alt=\"Cable &amp; Wireless Ltd. coverage map of Montserrat (purple areas indicate high coverage quality)\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=485&amp;referrer=480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/1_1_1-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/1_1_1.png 447w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-485\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cable &amp; Wireless Ltd. coverage map of Montserrat (purple areas indicate high coverage quality)<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Cable and Telephone<\/h4>\n<p>Cable and Wireless Ltd. services the island with both domestic and international direct-dialing telecommunications. The island has both internet access and cellular phone reception. Montserratians also have access to cable television which provides them with a variety of American television stations.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-480 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/wave_on_beach_5160182\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/wave_on_beach_5160182-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Photograph of a wave\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/wave_on_beach_5160182-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/wave_on_beach_5160182.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/infrastructure\/water\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/water-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Photograph of water\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/water-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/water.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Water<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_500\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-500\" id=\"longdesc-return-500\" class=\"wp-image-500 size-full\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/smallfall.jpg\" alt=\"Cool spring water flowing from Runaway Ghaut\" width=\"190\" height=\"162\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=500&amp;referrer=480\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cool spring water flowing from Runaway Ghaut<br \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.visitmontserrat.com\/discover\/\">http:\/\/www.visitmontserrat.com\/discover\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The MWA strives to provide the island of Montserrat with an efficient, reliable, and cost effective supply of water. Over the years, spring yields have generally declined. According to the 2004 Budget Speech, the MWA spent $80,000.00 EC on catchment points to ensure the capture of daily spring production. Although improvements at catchment points have helped, springs do not seem to be recharging at desired rates. The MWA encourages Montserratians to change their water using habits; for example, Caribbean islanders in general are encouraged to harvest water from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oas.org\/usde\/publications\/Unit\/oea59e\/ch10.htm\">rooftop catchments<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_487\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-487\" id=\"longdesc-return-487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-487\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/belham2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"The Belham River Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=487&amp;referrer=480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/belham2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/belham2.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Belham River Valley<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The British Geological Survey conducted a survey of groundwater resources on the island during 2003. The survey confirmed the existence of ground water in the Belham Valley. Since then, the Department for International Development (DFID) has provided the island with $1.0 million EC to explore and develop the Belham groundwater resource. Hydrologists hope the source will provide up to 200,000 gallons per day.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_499\" style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-499\" id=\"longdesc-return-499\" class=\"wp-image-499 size-full\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/11\/runawayG.jpg\" alt=\"Runaway Ghaut - location of the drinking fountain\" width=\"288\" height=\"216\" longdesc=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005?longdesc=499&amp;referrer=480\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-499\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Runaway Ghaut &#8211; location of the drinking fountain<br \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.visitmontserrat.com\/discover\/\">http:\/\/www.visitmontserrat.com\/discover\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The residents of Montserrat are proud of their water. It is believed that if a visitor drinks from the spring at Runaway Ghaut, he or she is guaranteed to return to Montserrat. Islanders also believe that Montserrat&#8217;s high quality water has investment potential. As reported in the 2004 Budget Speech, a German company has purchased land on the island with plans to begin a water bottling project, pending on the location of a necessary volume of water.<\/p>\n<h3>Sources:<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gov.ms\">www.gov.ms<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.themontserratreporter.com\">www.themontserratreporter.com<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.visitmontserrat.com\/\">www.visitmonserrat.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Return to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/sociology-of-disasters\/infrastructure-and-transportation-on-montserrat\/\">Infrastructure and Transportation on Montserrat<\/a> page<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Montserrat&#8217;s Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for the construction and maintenance of public roads and drainage networks. Montserrat Electricity Services Limited (MONLEC) provides and services the island&#8217;s power supply. Cable and Wireless Ltd (W.I.) provides the island with both domestic and international direct dialing telecommunications as well as cable television, internet services, and cellular [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":472,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-480","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=480"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":510,"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/480\/revisions\/510"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosaics.dickinson.edu\/montserrat2005\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}